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Local Land Use Decisions, NIMBYism Are Leading Causes Behind Southern California’s Lack of Housing Production Across Price Levels

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Region is Further Behind Other Locations in Developing Lower-Income Housing; New Study Recommends Zoning Based on Existing Demand 
April 11, 2019— RIVERSIDE, Calif. (www.ucr.edu) — Local land use and zoning laws, as well as opposition to development by residents, are primary obstacles to building badly needed housing across Southern California, according to a new analysis released today by the UCR School of Business Center for Economic Forecasting and Development. The report examines Southern California’s progress under the state’s Regional Housing Needs Assessment (RHNA), which mandates how many and what types of housing units each jurisdiction in California needs to allocate and plan for in order to meet local housing needs at all levels of affordability.
Compared to all jurisdictions in the state, Southern California turns in an ‘average’ performance in terms of complying with RHNA’s reporting requirements but that is not indicative of average or more housing production. The analysis examines the Southern California Association of Governments’ jurisdiction under RHNA, which includes Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and Ventura Counties. To date, across these areas, less than 30% of the housing units mandated by RHNA for all affordability levels have been permitted for building.
“Because of the sheer size of the region, that statistic helps to illustrate just how chronically behind most jurisdictions in California are in terms of developing new housing,” said Adam Fowler Director of Research at the Center for Economic Forecasting and one of the report authors. “We’re now halfway through the current 8-year RHNA cycle and ideally would want to see a number closer to 50%.”
Fowler and his co-author Hoyu Chong a Senior Research Associate at the Center, emphasize that the Southern California region studied in the analysis is especially critical because it is home to more than 70% of the state’s population.
Given the dominant share of residents who live in the region, and California’s acute housing shortage, it’s particularly problematic that the analysis finds the area is further behind in producing low- and moderate-income housing. In fact, the only housing units that have seen significant progress, and are closer to meeting the RHNA mandate, are units that are affordable for those with above-moderate-income levels. Across the six-county Southern California jurisdiction, more than half (52%) of these units have been permitted compared to just 9% of very-low-income, 9% of low-income, and 16% of moderate-income units. Looked at another way, 77% of all the housing units permitted within the region under the current cycle have been for the above-moderate-income level despite the fact that just 42% of the units mandated by RHNA are allocated for that level.
The same general pattern persists in all of the six counties except Imperial, where just 4% of housing units for above-moderate-income households have been permitted versus 30% for moderate-income households. Los Angeles County has the worst imbalance, with 5 out of every 6 housing units permitted falling within the above-moderate-income level, even though just 3 out of every 7 housing units mandated by RHNA are allocated for that level.
According to the analysis, the key reasons behind the lack of housing production across income levels, but especially among lower-income units, include local opposition to development and local zoning and land use laws that are simply not conducive to developing affordable housing. Within the Southern California jurisdiction, for example, the median minimum lot size is bigger than in the rest of California. Moreover, both the minimum and maximum number of single-family homes allowed per acre is lower, and the minimum unit size is considerably bigger.
“There are some really fundamental obstacles facing Southern California and jurisdictions across the state in terms of developing smaller, denser, less expensive housing,” says Fowler. The study’s authors argue that local jurisdictions should take steps that include redefining housing needs, developing zoning regulations based on existing demand, and aligning housing development with projected demographic changes.
The new report follows an analysis released by public policy group Next 10 that examined all the state’s RHNA jurisdictions and found most to be behind in permitting new homes and significant numbers not participating in the reporting process at all.
The complete analysis, California’s Housing Crisis: Goals and Production in Southern California, is available here.
The UC Riverside School of Business Center for Economic Forecasting and Development is the first major university forecasting center in Inland Southern California. The Center is dedicated to economic forecasting and policy research focused on the region, state, and nation. Learn more at UCREconomicForecast.org

The Inland Empire Business Journal (IEBJ) is the official business news publication of Southern California’s Inland Empire region - covering San Bernardino & Riverside Counties.

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Commercial Real Estate

Valore Ventures Sells SoCal Single-Tenant NNN Retail Property 

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1031 Exchange Features Long-Term Ground Lease with McDonald’s and Newly Constructed Drive-Thru Restaurant  

Valore Ventures has closed on the ground lease sale of a new, 3,895-square-foot dual lane drive-thru restaurant at 18150 Arrow Boulevard in Fontana, California. The 20-year, nearly one-acre ground lease was signed with leading global food-service retailer McDonald’s in September and construction was completed late December. 

SRS managing principals Matthew Mousavi and Patrick Luther represented Valore Ventures in the 1031 exchange transaction that closed at a cap rate of 3.7 percent. The buyer, a private trust, was represented by Marcus & Millichap Senior Vice President Joe Linkogle.

“We purchased the parcel in July, and now are pleased to deliver a terrific location for McDonald’s, which plans to open its doors shortly,” said Kenny De Angelis, principal of Valore Ventures. 

The quick service restaurant is optimally positioned at the intersection of Locust Avenue within a Stater Bros.-anchored shopping center along a major retail thoroughfare and minutes from downtown Fontana. 

“Valore Ventures is looking at additional single-tenant, triple-net-lease acquisition opportunities and development sites,” noted DeAngelis.

Beverly Hills-based Valore Ventures invests in operating companies, commercial real estate and the redevelopment of diverse value-add properties.

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Commercial Real Estate

The Evolution of Retail: A Comprehensive Look at the Inland Empire’s Newest Shopping Center

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A Visionary Development in the Heart of the Inland Empire

Wes Fifield, the owner of Panorama Development LLC, a family-run commercial real estate development company, has masterfully crafted a new commercial hub in Jurupa Valley that encapsulates the growing demands and evolving landscape of retail in the Inland Empire. This latest project not only fills a crucial need for the community by offering a mix of shopping and dining options but also sets a benchmark for future developments in the region.

Meeting Community Needs in a Growing Region

As the Inland Empire continues to experience rapid population growth, the demand for quality retail and dining experiences has surged. Fifield and his team recognized this gap and embarked on a multi-year journey to bring this ambitious project to life. The shopping center, anchored by major tenants such as Target, Starbucks, Raising Cane’s, In-N-Out, and Ross, is poised to become a hub for shopping, dining, and social interaction.

“This project fills a crucial need for the community,” Fifield explained. “For many residents, there simply hasn’t been a convenient place to shop and dine. This center will be the anchor for the area, serving as a destination for both convenience and experience.”

Strategic Development and Adaptation

The development of the shopping center is a story of strategic planning and adaptation. Originally, the site comprised 30 acres of vacant land next to a freeway—a rare find in California. The acquisition in 2021 and the subsequent development phases illustrate Fifield’s ability to navigate and leverage complex challenges, including environmental and infrastructural hurdles.

A significant moment in the project’s timeline was the integration of Target as a key tenant. “Typically, you start with an anchor like Target and build around it. In our case, Target came in later, which required us to rethink and reconfigure much of the project. While challenging, it was a welcome opportunity to include such a high-quality tenant,” Fifield remarked.

Overcoming Challenges and Seizing Opportunities

The COVID-19 pandemic presented unexpected challenges and opportunities. Fifield noted that the pandemic allowed for more flexible tenant negotiations and ultimately aided the project by extending critical timelines. This adaptability was crucial in achieving a diverse tenant mix and in meeting the project’s expansive vision.

Reflecting on the broader retail environment, Fifield acknowledged the ongoing shifts in consumer behavior and the industry’s competitive landscape. “Retail has been redefined in recent years,” he noted. “But the pandemic showed us that people still value the social and experiential aspects of shopping. They want to get out, spend time with their families, and explore. That’s what we’re providing here.”

Economic Impact and Future Prospects

The shopping center’s development has had a substantial economic impact, creating jobs, increasing city revenue, and revitalizing the local retail offering. The city’s leadership and community members have actively supported the project, recognizing its potential to transform the local economy.

Looking ahead, Fifield remains optimistic about the growth opportunities in the Inland Empire and the role of thoughtful, community-focused developments in meeting the needs of its diverse population. “For us, it’s about creating quality spaces that people love and use for years to come,” Fifield concluded. “This project is personal—it’s about giving back to the community and helping the Inland Empire continue its incredible growth story.”

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Commercial Real Estate Transactions

Hanley Investment Group Arranges Sale of New Chipotle Drive-Thru-Anchored Pad in Riverside, Calif., for $5.84 Million

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Strategic Growth: Highlighting the Appeal of Prime Retail Investments in Riverside’s Expanding Market

Hanley Investment Group Real Estate Advisors, a nationally recognized real estate brokerage and advisory firm specializing in retail property sales, announced today that the firm arranged the sale of a recently constructed, three-tenant net-leased investment anchored by a Chipotle Mexican Grill with a drive-thru “Chipotlane” in Riverside, California. The property is situated directly off the Interstate 215 on/off ramps (154,680 cars per day). Adjacent to the Interstate 215 is March Air Reserve Base, a 2,075-acre facility with over 8,000 personnel assigned to it and a 1,750-civilian population.

Hanley Investment Group’s Executive Vice President Eric Wohl and Associate CJ Kiehler represented the seller and developer, Greens Development Inc., of Irvine, California. The buyer, a Los Angeles-based 1031 exchange investor, was represented by Justin Altemus of The Altemus Company in Los Angeles. The sale price was $5.84 million.

“As part of this off-market transaction, we successfully sourced a 1031 exchange buyer who needed to close quickly and ended up closing escrow while BHC Chicken, one of the pad building’s tenants, was still completing their buildout,” noted Wohl.

The 6,300-square-foot Chipotle-anchored pad building, completed in 2020, sits on a 0.90-acre parcel at 22430 Van Buren Boulevard in Riverside. The three-tenant building also includes MA Dental and BHC Chicken, which is expected to open in October.

The pad building is a part of Veteran’s Plaza, a community shopping center and hotel complex developed by Greens Development Inc. It includes In-N-Out, a four-tenant Starbucks-anchored multi-tenant retail pad building, Hampton Inn + Home2 Suites, Circle K convenience store with a 76 gas station and others, promoting crossover shopping.

The Chipotle-anchored pad building is situated between Hampton Inn + Home2 Suites and In-N-Out near the signalized intersection of Van Buren and Opportunity Road (over 40,000 cars per day). Traffic on Van Buren Boulevard is projected to increase to 72,000 cars per day. The Interstate 215 and Van Buren interchange was completely remodeled at a cost exceeding $32 million. The site also benefits from excellent freeway signage along Interstate 215.

Veteran’s Plaza is located within Meridian Business Park, a 1,290-acre master-planned commerce and distribution center planned to have 16 million square feet of building space, creating up to 18,000 jobs. Current tenants include Amazon, UPS, Sysco, Kaiser Permanente, Kia Automotive, McLane Foods and others.

There are over 232,000 residents with an average household income in excess of $91,000 within a five-mile radius of the property. The daytime population exceeds 189,000, providing an additional consumer base. Lake Perris, an 8,800-acre state recreation area, is just two exits south off of Interstate 215 and is known for its boating, hiking, fishing, swimming, picnicking, rock climbing, horseback riding and camping.

In May 2023, Hanley Investment Group arranged the sale of the Starbucks Drive-Thru-anchored property at Veterans Plaza for the same seller.

“With the current volatile market and economic conditions, investors are seeking ‘safe-haven’ investments in robust markets to protect and grow their equity,” noted Wohl. “This Chipotle-anchored pad, located adjacent to a Starbucks-anchored multi-tenant retail pad and In-N-Out, exemplifies the type of product attracting many investors in the present market landscape.”

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